Pressurization System For Emergency Stairs

What is the pressurization system for emergency stairs?  

The pressurization system, also known as the booster system, is a mandatory system in buildings, helping to regulate the air pressure in the stairs and corridors when a fire occurs.  

Installation principles  

According to Vietnamese standard TCVN 6160:1996, a high-rise building is understood as a building (including houses, offices, hotels, shopping malls, etc...) with a height of between 25m and 100m (equivalent to 1 to 30 floors). Regarding the mandatory regulations for pressurized systems, articles 11.4, 11.5, 11.6 of TCVN 6160:1996 have been clearly stated as follows:  

• Article 11.4: In order to push smoke from the corridor or buffer room of each floor, it is necessary to design a forced-push tunnel and have valves on each floor. The flow of fan, tunnel cross section, control valve are determined according to calculation. Valves and fans must be opened and closed automatically by means of detectors and control buttons on each floor.  
• Article 11.5: To prevent smoke from elevators and elevators from spreading into floors, the  
• floor must ensure the residual pressure of the air is 2Kg/m2 when there is an open door.  
• Article 11.6: In order to prevent smoke from spreading into the elevator, elevator and vice versa, the door to the elevator room must be designed with a buffer room with automatic door closing and sealing and a pressurization system with residual pressure of the air in the elevator. buffer room not less than 2Kg/m2.  

Why install a pressurization system for emergency stairs?  

One of the prominent functions of the pressurization system is to keep smoke and toxic gasses from entering the exits. As a result, minimizing the risk of harm to human life, creating escape routes and temporary safe shelters for people.  

In addition, the pressurization system also contributes to supporting fire fighting and rescue work by creating a pressure difference. Protecting and preserving properties from the effects of smoke and heat from a fire is also one of the reasons why it is important to install a pressurized system for emergency stairs. When a large amount of clean air supplied by the pressurization system is brought to the stairs, an invisible wall is created. This helps prevent fire and smoke from spreading to surrounding areas. Even the system of bells, lights, sensors... used in emergencies will also be affected by heat if there is no pressurization system to prevent it.  

The pressurization system protects residents from fire   

Construction of pressurization system for emergency stairs  

The stairwell pressurization system consists of main components such as pressurizing fans, air ducts, air supply doors and opening and closing valves, sensor systems, automatic fire fighting systems and fire alarm systems. Building management system (BMS). The function of each part that makes up the pressurization system of the emergency stairs is to prevent smoke and fire from entering the area of ​​the stairs.  

In which, the two most important components are the sensor system and the BMS (Business Management System). The sensor system will include differential pressure sensors, smoke and heat sensors. In the event of a fire, one or more sensors will be activated and send a signal to the BMS system. After receiving the signal, the BMS will start up at 100% capacity of the pressure fan. Air intakes and exhausts according to default settings will automatically regulate the air flow to ensure the necessary amount of residual pressure, creating a buffer zone and safe escape for occupants. While the pressurization system operates, the fire alarm signals, indicator lights, automatic fire extinguishing system will also operate in parallel. Some BMS systems also automatically connect to the fire department to quickly support rescue.  

The working principle of the pressurization system  

As a rule, when a fire occurs, the pressurization system of the emergency stairs will have to operate automatically. Thanks to the pressurized fan unit, clean air from the outside of the building is pushed inside the exit stairs and creates a volume of air with a higher pressure and circulation speed than the corridor area and creates a heat source. This pressure flow according to the technical requirements must have a magnitude from 20 Pa to 50 Pa. High-pressure air flow will help prevent fire from spreading, difficult and toxic gas will not penetrate into the area of ​​the emergency stairs.  

Technical requirements  

• To prevent smoke from entering the emergency stairs, the pressure level for the pressurized system is from 20 - 50 Pa.  
• 0.75 - 1.3m/s is the air velocity when the exit ladder door is opened simultaneously with the door on the adjacent floor, the last two doors on the ground floor and all the remaining doors of the pressurized ladder at all All other floors are closed.  
• Door opening force should not be more than 110N. All power and control cables must use flame retardant cables.  
• The power supply to the pressurized fan must be the priority source.  
• The on/off control switch is installed in the main fire control cabinet.  
• The pressurization system will be directly controlled by automatic fire alarm cabinets. So any time there is a fire alarm signal from the fire alarm center. The emergency push button to start the pressurization system is installed no more than 1m from the door to the stairs, outside the ladder cage. The system must not be stopped, unless there is a manual shutdown.  
• Each pressurized area will be provided with an air outlet to avoid overpressure.  

Smoke control system using negative pressure   

In the process of providing building management and operation services, Taisei VN always focuses on safety as well as timely preventing possible risks to customers. We always ensure that the pressurization system for the emergency stairs and other related components can function properly in the building.  

----------------------------------------------  

Contact information  

Taisei VN  

Address: P.1901 Saigon Trade Center, 37 Ton Duc Thang, Ben Nghe Ward, 1 District, Ho Chi Minh City  

Hotline: 0911 401 955  

Email:  Cs@caresolutions.com.vn  

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/altarahospitalitygroup/  

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/altara.com.vn/